ABSTRACT
Objective: To make a preliminary prediction of the Q-marker of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma from the perspective of the effectiveness and measurability of chemical components based on the concept of Q-marker of Chinese materia medica. Methods: Based on literature integration and data analysis, the source range of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Q-marker was screened, and the effectiveness of the ingredients was analyzed through network pharmacology. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 15 batches of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma from four places of origin was performed by HPLC. The pattern recognition method was used to screen out the main marker components that caused the differences between groups, which were combined with network pharmacological results to further determine the Q-marker of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Results: Literature studies had determined that flavonoids and triterpenoids were the main source of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Q-marker; Network pharmacology results showed that liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid and other components had high connectivity in the "component-target-pathway" network and were the main active components; The fingerprints of 15 batches of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma samples were established, and five components, including liquiritin and liquiritin apioside, were identified as the main marker components by PLS-DA analysis; The content determination results of liquiritin, liquiritin apioside, glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid showed that there were significant differences in the content of ingredients among different production areas. The qualitative and quantitative research on pharmacology combined with network pharmacology revealed that liquiritin, liquiritin apioside, glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid can be used as Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Q-marker. Conclusion: Taking flavonoids and triterpenoids as the source of Q-marker for Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the qualitative and quantitative (measurability) study of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma herbs from multiple producing areas combined with network pharmacology (effectiveness) revealed liquiritin, liquiritin apioside, glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid as the potential Q-marker of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are scientific and reasonable, which provide reference for quality control of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.
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Objective: To establish a research strategy for discovering quality marker (Q-marker) of Shenzhiling Oral Liquid based on the “fingerprint-efficacy-pharmacokinetics” correlation. Methods: HPLC fingerprints and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitory activities of 12 batches of Shenzhiling Oral Liquid were analyzed. The correlation analysis between the HPLC fingerprints and AchE inhibitory effects were carried out with orthogonal signal correction-partial least squares regression (OSC-PLSR) method. Combined with network pharmacology, efficacy-related components were determined. By identifying the compounds absorbed and exposed in vivo, pharmacologically active components were determined. Finally, Q-marker could be preliminarily discovered by the comprehensive analysis associated with the integration of efficacy-related components and pharmacologically active ingredients. Results: The results of OSC-PLSR analysis showed that three efficacy-related components were closely related to AchE inhibitory activities. According to mapping the targets of diseases, 61 efficacy-related components were determined. Eleven active compounds in plasma were identified by UHPLC-quadrupole-orbitrap-MS. The Q-markers of Shenzhiling Oral Liquid were liquiritin apioside, albiflorin and azelaic acid preliminarily determined by integrated and comprehensive analysis. Conclusion: The combination of fingerprint-efficacy relationship, network pharmacology and components absorbed in plasma could be an effective way for rapid analysis and discovery of Q-marker in Shenzhiling Oral Liquid, which will be of great significance both to improve the quality control and evaluation, and ensure the safety and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicines.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Lianhua Qingwen Capsules. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by gel column chromatography, MPLC, and preparative HPLC from 50% ethanol fraction of macroporous resin column chromatography of Lianhua Qingwen crude extracts. Their structures were elucidated by the spectral analyses. Results: Eight compounds were isolated and identified as 10-O-(p-hydroxycinnamoyl)-adoxosidic acid (1), aloe-emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), quercitrin (3), matairesinol-4’-O-β-D-glucoside (4), liquiritin apioside (5), epi-vogeloside (6), vogeloside (7), and caffeic acid ethyl ester (8). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound named lianhua iridoid A. Compounds 5-8 are isolated from Lianhua Qingwen Capsules for the first time. This study provides substance foundation for chemical research of Lianhua Qingwen Capsules.
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AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of six constituents in Xuanmai Ganju Granules (Scrophulariae Radix,Ophiopogonis Radix,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Platycodonis Radix).METHODS The analysis of 80％ methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 35 ℃ thermostatic ZORBAX SB-C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile0.1％ phosphoric acid flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelengths were set at 210,250,278 nm.RESULTS Harpagide,liquiritin apioside,liquiritin,harpagoside,cinnamic acid and glycyrrhizic acid showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 2.177-43.539 μg/mL(r =0.999 6),1.713-34.261 μg/mL (r =0.999 5),1.946-38.916 μg/mL(r =0.999 6),2.070-41.395 μg/mL(r =0.999 7),2.06-41.2 pg/mL (r =0.999 6) and 3.623-72.454 μg/mL (r =0.999 6),whose average recoveries (RS-Ds) were96.08％ (2.1％),95.55％ (2.5％),95.04％ (2.6％),94.86％ (2.7％),95.70％ (1.9％) and 95.47％ (1.9％),respectively.CONCLUSION This simple and accurate method can be used for the quality control of Xuanmai Ganju Granules.
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Objective: To study the effects of the flavonoids from Glycyrrhizae Radix (FGR) on the function and expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in Caco-2 cells, and to further explore the detoxification mechanisms of FGR. Methods: Flow cytometry was used to study the effects of FGR on the uptake of Rhodamine 123, which showed the toxic efflux function of P-gp; Western blotting method was used to detect the expression level of P-gp in Caco-2 cells. Results: Compared with the control group, after treated with the total flavonoids from Glycyrrhizae Radix (TFGR) at the different concentration (5, 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL) for 1 h, the uptake of Rhodamine 123 in Caco-2 cells was decreased by 61.1%, 56.3%, 49.2%, and 45.4%; liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, liquiritin apioside, and isoliquiritin apioside with the same dose significantly decreased the fluorescence intensity of Rhodamine 123 by 19.3%-37.9%. The expression levels of P-gp in Caco-2 cells were significantly increased (P < 0.01) after the co-incubation of TFGR (10-400 μg/mL) for 72 h, and liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, and liquiritin apioside (5-400 μmol/L) had the similar functions, so did isoliquiritin and isoliquiritin apioside (10-400 μg/mL, P < 0.01). Conclusion: FGR could strengthen the function, up-regulate the expression of P-gp in Caco-2 cells, promote the efflux of toxic substances, and decrease the absorption of toxic substances, which could be one of the new mechanisms for Glycyrrhizae Radix detoxification.